Final answer:
The nuclear lamina is the layer of proteins that lines the inner nuclear membrane, offers structural support to the nucleus, and is involved in organizing chromatin.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the layer of proteins that lines the inner nuclear membrane is the nuclear lamina. This structure is a dense (roughly mesh-like) layer composed of intermediate filaments and membrane-associated proteins. It provides mechanical support to the nucleus as well as a framework to organize the chromatin within the cell nucleus. The nuclear lamina plays an essential role in various nuclear activities, such as DNA replication, cell division, and chromatin organization. The nuclear envelope is composed of two lipid bilayers—an inner and an outer membrane—that are continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the space between them is continuous with the lumen of the ER. Nuclear pores are interspersed throughout the nuclear envelope, facilitating the controlled exchange of substances between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.