Final answer:
In mRNA translation during the elongation phase, the movement of the ribosome to the next codon is called translocation, facilitated by elongation factor-G, or translocase.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the elongation phase of mRNA translation, the physical movement of a ribosome to the next codon is termed translocation. This process involves the ribosome moving along the mRNA towards the 3' end by a distance of a codon (3 bases). The elongation factor-G, also known as translocase, plays a crucial role in facilitating this process. As a result of translocation, the ribosome advances, allowing the tRNA at the P site to be shifted to the E site and released into the cytosol, while the next charged tRNA carrying an amino acid pairs with the next mRNA codon at the A site, ready to continue the protein synthesis.