Final answer:
d. All the options provided, absence of breathing, absence of heartbeat, and presence of rigor mortis, are signs that are used to determine if a patient is obviously dead according to the deceased patient standard.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the deceased patient standard, what is considered obviously dead constitutes a scenario wherein multiple signs are present. These include the absence of breathing and heartbeat, as well as the presence of rigor mortis. To be considered obviously dead, one or more of these criteria must be met:
- Absence of breathing.
- Absence of heartbeat.
- Rigor mortis present.
Therefore, the answer to the question is d. All of the above. The aforementioned signs are typically assessed by medical professionals when determining if a patient is deceased.