Final answer:
Gravity refueling generally provides 5% less volume of fuel compared to pressure refueling because the overwing filler points are below the highest point of the tanks, resulting in a space that cannot be filled by gravity alone.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the specific volume difference between gravity refueling and pressure refueling for aircraft. When refueling an aircraft, gravity refueling typically averages 5% less volume than pressure refueling because the filler points for the main and auxiliary tanks are located below the highest point of the tank. This loss of volume is due to the shape of the tank and the inability of gravity to completely fill the tank as effectively as pressure refueling. Therefore, when using gravity to refuel, there is a small volume of space that cannot be filled with fuel due to its position and the effect of gravity.