Final answer:
Survanta (synthetic surfactant) is used in the treatment of lung diseases, particularly for newborns suffering from respiratory distress syndrome, by decreasing the surface tension in the airways and aiding the inflation of the lungs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Survanta is a synthetic surfactant used for treating lung diseases in newborns, specifically respiratory distress syndrome, also known as hyaline membrane disease. When there is a lack of surfactant, which functions similarly to a detergent, the surface tension within the airways is too high, making it extremely difficult for infants, particularly those born prematurely, to inflate their lungs. Using surfactant therapy can reduce the surface tension, allowing for easier inflation and function of the alveoli within the lungs, which is crucial for efficient gas exchange and preventing the collapse of these air sacs.
A simple analogy to illustrate the effectiveness of surfactant is comparing it to applying detergent inside a balloon. Just as detergent would decrease the work needed to inflate a balloon, surfactant decreases the work of inflating the airways. This is particularly important in medical conditions where lung compliance is reduced or there are obstructions in the airways, which impact breathing and oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange.
In summary, Survanta facilitates easier breathing and improved lung function, highlighting its application in treating lung-related issues rather than heart conditions, skin infections, or liver disorders.