Final answer:
The medications that improve long-term survival in patients with LV systolic dysfunction include beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and aldosterone antagonists, which help manage cardiovascular conditions and improve a compromised cardiac function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medications shown to improve long-term survival in patients with LV systolic dysfunction are beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and aldosterone antagonists. These medications are often used in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions, such as high blood pressure and heart failure, and can improve cardiac function in a compromised system. Beta-blockers, like metoprolol, work by blocking beta-receptors associated with vasoconstriction and cardioacceleration, which allows blood vessels to dilate and helps to keep heart rate from increasing. ACE inhibitors and ARBs work by targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance, while aldosterone antagonists help to reduce fluid overload and mitigate the effects of aldosterone on the heart and blood vessels.