Final answer:
LDL is low-density lipoprotein, also called bad cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from the liver to body tissues and is taken up by cells through interaction with LDL receptors.
Step-by-step explanation:
LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins, also known as 'bad cholesterol'. LDL is responsible for carrying cholesterol from the liver to tissues throughout the body. The interaction between LDL and LDL receptors (LDLR) is mediated by LDLR and cholesterol molecules. LDL is taken up by extra-hepatic tissues and the liver, and its cholesterol is used for membrane formation, steroid synthesis, or can form arterial plaques in excess.
Variations in the levels of LDL and the relative level of its counterpart, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), also known as "good" cholesterol, can significantly affect cardiovascular health. HDL helps in transporting cholesterol from other tissues back to the liver, where it can be reused or excreted. A balance between LDL and HDL levels is crucial, and a higher ratio of HDL to LDL is generally beneficial for heart health.