Final answer:
George Boole's work on arithmetic logic underpins circuit design, but Claude Shannon applied it to electronics, which doesn't match the provided answer options. For separate questions, the radio was invented by Marconi, the Enigma machine was deciphered by Turing, and the modern IQ test was developed by Wechsler.
Step-by-step explanation:
The arithmetical representation of logical reasoning, which laid the groundwork for the design of circuits, was developed by George Boole. This approach became the foundation of digital electronics, allowing engineers to represent logical processes mathematically. Among the engineers to apply Boole's logic in designing circuits was John Ambrose Fleming. Unfortunately, Fleming is not among the options provided in the question, which seems to mistake the development of electrical circuits with the invention of the radio or the Enigma decoding machine. However, if we interpret the question as asking who applied Boolean logic to circuit design, none of the options provided directly correspond to the question, as the most notable person for this accomplishment would be Claude Shannon, who is known for using Boolean algebra to design electrical circuits.
Answering the other presented questions: The inventor of the radio is Guglielmo Marconi, so the correct answer to question 4 is option c. As for the scientist mainly responsible for building the Enigma decoding machine, the correct answer to question 14 is d. Alan Turing. James Clerk Maxwell developed a theory explaining the relationship between electricity and magnetism and predicted that visible light consists of electromagnetic waves. Lastly, the IQ test most widely used today was developed by d. David Wechsler.