Final answer:
The correct option is True.
The statement about expiation being related to making amends or atonement is true. Furthermore, the Reconquista by the Spanish was both a military and religious endeavor aimed at reclaiming and re-Christianizing the Iberian Peninsula.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that expiation is concerned with making amends or atonement is True. Expiation involves actions taken to make right a wrong, generally through some form of apology, restitution, or efforts to repair the damage caused. It is an important concept in many religious and cultural practices around the world where individuals or groups seek to atone for their transgressions.
In the context of the question related to Spanish history, it is also True that for the Spanish, the reconquering of the Iberian Peninsula, known as the Reconquista, was indeed both a military and religious action. The campaign lasted from the 8th century until 1492 and involved a series of battles by Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. It had a strong religious motivation, as Christian leaders sought to re-Christianize territories while expanding their own realms.