Final answer:
Ethnocentrism is the use of one's own culture as the standard for judging other cultures, often leading to viewing them as inferior. Cultural relativism is an alternative approach that seeks to understand a culture by its own standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The use of one's own culture and its practices as the standard for interpreting the values, beliefs, and norms of another culture is known as ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism involves evaluating and judging another culture based on the standards of one's own culture. Such attitudes can lead to viewing other cultures as inferior if they do not align with one's own cultural norms.
Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than through the lens of one's own culture. Relativism aims to gain a clear understanding of the meaning and significance of cultural practices before making judgments, often leading to a more nuanced and appreciative view of cultural diversity.