Question

In what sitatution does TLR4 activate TRIF?

A) In response to bacterial lipoproteins
B) In the absence of MyD88 signaling
C) During viral infections
D) Upon recognition of fungal cell wall components

Answer 1

TLR4 activates TRIF in the absence of MyD88 signaling, a pathway associated with recognizing viral components, not bacterial or fungal.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a protein that recognizes molecules characteristic of invaders. TLR4 can activate the TRIF pathway in response to bacterial lipoproteins, viral infections, and fungal cell wall components. The TRIF pathway is an alternative signaling pathway that is activated in the absence of MyD88 signaling, a type of Toll-like receptor (TLR), can activate TRIF in response to certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Specifically, TLR4 activates TRIF in the absence of MyD88 signaling. This pathway is often associated with recognizing viral components and endogenous signals rather than bacterial lipoproteins or fungal cell wall components. MyD88 is an adaptor protein that is used by most TLRs to transmit signals, but TLR4 has the unique ability to signal alternatively through the adaptor TRIF when MyD88 is not utilized.