Final answer:
Amniocentesis is a surgical puncture of the amnion that can diagnose genetic health issues in the fetus by analyzing amniotic fluid, which contains fetal cells and non-embryonic stem cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical puncture of the amnion, or amniocentesis, can be a useful diagnostic tool. The correct answer is b) Amniocentesis. In this procedure, amniotic fluid is drawn out of the mother's abdomen to reveal many aspects of the baby's genetic health.
The fluid contains fetal cells that can be examined for genetic defects. It is also a valuable source of non-embryonic stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate into diverse cell types such as brain, liver, and bone cells. Moreover, amniotic fluid analysis can aid in the diagnosis of congenital infections by detecting pathogens' DNA through molecular methods like PCR.