Question

**Name the "learning effect":** An apprentice machinist learns to operate a lathe correctly as the master machinist praises his performance over time.

A. Positive reinforcement
B. Observational learning
C. Operant conditioning
D. Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 1

The learning effect where an apprentice improves at operating a lathe through the master's praise is an example of Operant Conditioning, where behavior is strengthened through positive reinforcement.

Step-by-step explanation:

The "learning effect" described in the scenario, where an apprentice machinist learns to operate a lathe correctly as the master machinist praises his performance over time, is best categorized as Operant Conditioning. This type of learning is based on the principle that behaviors are strengthened, in this case through positive reinforcement, when they are followed by a desirable consequence. The praise from the master machinist serves as positive reinforcement, increasing the likelihood that the apprentice will repeat the correct operation of the lathe.

Operant conditioning is contrasted with observational learning where learning occurs by watching others; the apprentice in this case is actively performing and being reinforced for the specific behavior. Key concepts in operant conditioning include reinforcers, punishers, and the use of reinforcement schedules to reward behavior, which are directly applicable to this learning scenario.