Final answer:
The Hawthorne Studies were conducted at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works and played a pivotal role in the development of organizational psychology, introducing the significant concept of the Hawthorne effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hawthorne Studies were conducted at the Western Electric company's Hawthorne Works. These studies, which took place from 1929 to 1932, were led by Elton Mayo and his colleagues. They marked the origin of organizational psychology and expanded the field beyond employee selection and placement to include complex issues like interpersonal relations, motivation, and organizational dynamics.
The findings from these studies introduced the concept of the Hawthorne effect, which describes how individuals change their behavior in response to being observed. This effect is considered an important experimental consideration across many fields of study. It highlights the significance of controlling for the observer's influence during experiments.