Final answer:
Frederick W. Taylor created 'scientific management', focusing on increasing industrial efficiency by simplifying tasks and studying the production process, as proposed in his 1911 book 'The Principles of Scientific Management'. Option b
Step-by-step explanation:
The creator of scientific management was Frederick W. Taylor, an engineer from Pennsylvania. In the early 20th century, Taylor proposed that the efficiency of industrial processes could be greatly improved by analyzing and simplifying tasks.
This concept, also known as 'Taylorism', involved the elimination of unnecessary steps in the production process, thereby increasing productivity. Taylor's ideas were encapsulated in his 1911 book, 'The Principles of Scientific Management', which became a foundational text for modern management techniques.
He utilized time-motion studies to develop his theories, focusing on optimizing human labor to be as efficient as possible. Despite some resistance from workers and mixed reception by the public, Taylor’s scientific management had a significant impact on the way factories and businesses operated, aiming to maximize efficiency and profitability. Option b