Final answer:
The writer is e) Adam Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776, where he introduced the concept of division of labor, a cornerstone of modern economic theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adam Smith, a Scottish economist and philosopher, authored the seminal work An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776, known commonly as The Wealth of Nations. This groundbreaking book laid the foundation for modern economics, providing the first comprehensive examination of the subject. In The Wealth of Nations, Smith described the concept of division of labor, which he argued could lead to increased efficiency and productivity by breaking down production processes into specialized tasks for different workers.
Adam Smith is often called the 'Father of Capitalism' due to his significant contributions to economic theory. He introduced critical ideas like the importance of division of labor and specialization, as well as the concept of the 'invisible hand' which suggests that a free market economy can regulate itself through the individual self-interest of its participants. Smith's work has had a lasting impact on how economies are understood and managed to this day, making him a pivotal figure in the field of economics. The answer is option e.