Final answer:
The Hawthorne Studies were conducted from 1929 to 1932 and marked the origin of organizational psychology, highlighting the importance of psychological and social factors in the workplace.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hawthorne Studies were conducted from 1929 to 1932 at a plant near Chicago, Western Electric's Hawthorne Works. They were a series of studies led by Elton Mayo and his colleagues that took industrial psychology beyond just employee selection and placement. These studies delved into interpersonal relations, motivation, and organizational dynamics, marking the origin of organizational psychology. Initially focused on the effects of the physical work environment, such as lighting, the studies uncovered that psychological and social factors in the workplace had a significant impact on worker productivity.