Final answer:
Acute opioid withdrawal symptoms include mydriasis, hypertension, tachycardia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and muscle aches, which are opposite to the effects of opioids.
Step-by-step explanation:
The signs and symptoms of acute opioid withdrawal (abstinence syndrome) are most accurately represented by option c) Mydriasis, hypertension, and tachycardia, and d) Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and muscle aches. However, as the responses are in separate points, it's essential to clarify that withdrawal symptoms reflect the opposite of the opioid effects due to physical dependence. The correct physiological responses associated with withdrawal include mydriasis (dilation of the pupils), hypertension, and tachycardia, which presents as an increase in heart rate. Additionally, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and muscle aches are common. These symptoms can be severe and resemble a bad flu, but professional treatment, such as the administration of methadone, can alleviate these symptoms.