Final answer:
Job migration primarily occurs when firms relocate jobs from one country to another. It is associated with economic factors such as the search for a more favorable business environment and the need for a labor force in developed countries.
Step-by-step explanation:
Job migration occurs primarily when firms shift jobs from one country to another, often in search of cost savings or other economic advantages. This phenomenon has been seen with the outsourcing of manufacturing and service-industry jobs to developing countries, which sometimes results in increased unemployment in developed countries.
People migrate due to various reasons including economic necessity, where they move from regions with fewer job opportunities to those with more, such as during the Great Recession of 2008 or the economic downturn caused by COVID-19. Countries with more advanced stages of economic development are often more attractive to immigrants seeking employment opportunities.
Immigration plays a critical role in a country's labor force, and thus in its economic growth, though it also brings challenges, such as the potential for increased unemployment in urban areas of low-income countries where many immigrants tend to move.