Final answer:
Institutional racism is identified when organizational policies unfairly treat a specific racial or ethnic group. This form of racism is systemic, embedded in societal norms, and involves practices that confer disadvantages to minority groups while favoring the dominant race, often through policies and procedures in societal institutions.
Step-by-step explanation:
When organizational policies knowingly cause unfair treatment to a particular race or ethnic group, the type and form of racism this refers to is institutional racism. Institutional racism involves societal systems and structures where policies, practices, and procedures systematically disadvantage minority racial groups. This results in inequitable outcomes that favor the dominant race, often in subtle, systemic ways that can be embedded in the norms and values of the society.
Examples of institutional racism can include the disproportionate number of black men arrested, charged, and convicted of crimes, implying a form of racial profiling which is part of the broader concept of institutional racism. Companies and corporations can also perpetuate this form of racism subtly through promotional and compensation practices that disadvantage people of color. Institutions, including political and legal systems, are often responsible for the systematic distribution of resources, and when these systems operate inequitably, they contribute to ongoing racial disparities.