Final answer:
The internal factor of racism characterized by judging other ethnic groups by one's own cultural standards is ethnocentrism. It is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others and can lead to prejudiced attitudes and behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The internal factor of racism that is described as judging other ethnic groups according to the standards and values of one's own group is known as ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism involves evaluating and judging another culture based on the cultural norms of one's own group. This belief or attitude, as described by sociologist William Graham Sumner in 1906, assumes that one's own culture is superior to all others. Practically, ethnocentrism can manifest in various ways, such as an American viewing driving on the left side of the road, as is customary in England, as the "wrong" side, or someone accustomed to dogs as companions finding it strange to encounter them as a food source in another culture.
It's important to distinguish ethnocentrism from other concepts like xenophobia, which is an irrational fear or hatred of different cultures, or xenocentrism, which is the belief that another culture is superior to one's own. Understanding ethnocentrism is crucial in combating the culture of prejudice and promoting more inclusive attitudes and behaviors.