Final answer:
Hypercalcitonism refers to high blood calcium levels leading to symptoms like lethargy and confusion, whereas hypocalcitonism involves low levels causing impaired muscle function and tetany.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms of hypercalcitonism (a condition related to high levels of calcium), can lead to lethargy, sluggish reflexes, constipation, loss of appetite, confusion, and in severe cases, coma. This condition is often a result of hyperparathyroidism, where there's an overproduction of parathyroid hormone, leading to excessive calcium in the blood, and it can impact bone health and nervous system function.
On the other hand, hypocalcitonism is associated with hypoparathyroidism and refers to abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood, leading to issues such as impaired muscle function and may result in tetany, which is a severe sustained muscle contraction. This can occur due to hormonal imbalances, an improper diet or after thyroid surgery, leaving the parathyroid glands incapable of producing sufficient hormones.
Maintaining a balanced blood calcium level, approximately 10 mg/dL, is critical for blood coagulation, muscle contraction, nerve functioning, and bone strength. Treatments for these conditions vary based on the underlying cause, but the prognosis is generally positive when managed properly.