Final answer:
In electrical systems, a grounding rod is connected to the neutral wire, provides an alternative path for current, and ensures the appliance casing is at zero volts for safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a properly installed electrical installation, the following are connected to a grounding rod:
- The neutral wire, which typically has white insulation, is grounded to ensure it is at zero volts relative to the earth, making it safe to touch even if the insulation is compromised.
- An alternative path through the earth for electrical current to complete the circuit in case of a fault is provided by grounding the neutral wire at both the power source and the user's location.
- The case of the appliance is connected to the grounding rod through a green ground wire, ensuring that the case is also at zero volts to prevent electrical shock.
The grounding process ensures that a low-resistance path to the earth is maintained, which is crucial for the safety and the proper functioning of electrical systems.