Final answer:
Albinism is a genetic condition where melanocytes cannot produce melanin, leading to pale skin, hair, and eyes, and increasing sensitivity to UV radiation and light.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase 'HY' doesn't specifically refer to a term in biology, but if you're inquiring about the pathophysiology of albinism, it is a genetic condition primarily characterized by the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin. Individuals with albinism typically have very pale skin, hair, and eyes due to this lack of pigment.
Since melanin is crucial for protection against UV radiation, those with albinism are more susceptible to sunburns and skin cancer. They also have increased light sensitivity and vision problems. Albinism is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme tyrosinase, which is essential for the conversion of tyrosine to melanin, and is classified as a hereditary disease. Treatment often focuses on symptom management, such as limiting UV exposure.