Final answer:
RF1 is the release factor that recognizes the stop codons UAA and UGA in the process of translation in molecular biology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is how release factors (RFs) recognize stop codons in the process of translation in molecular biology. Release factors are proteins that recognize stop codons in an mRNA sequence, which signal the end of protein synthesis (translation). In this case, the question is which release factor (RF1, RF2, RF3, or a hypothetical RF4) recognizes the stop codons UAA and UGA. Based on standard molecular biology knowledge, RF1 is responsible for recognizing and facilitating the release of the nascent peptide chain from the ribosome when it encounters the stop codons UAA and UGA. Therefore, the correct answer to the presented question is a) RF1.