Final answer:
Integrins, Cadherins, and Immunoglobulin superfamily proteins are involved in both cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell interactions. Therefore, the correct option is 1, 2, 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Integrins are integral proteins that are involved in both cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell interactions. They are transmembrane receptors that bind to proteins within the ECM, such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagens, as well as to other cells. Integrins play a critical role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling.
Cadherins are another group of integral proteins involved in cell-cell interactions. They are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins that mediate the adhesion of cells to each other. Cadherins play a key role in tissue development, maintaining tissue structure, and cell signaling.
Immunoglobulin superfamily proteins, specifically the cell adhesion molecules in this family, are also involved in both cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions. They play a role in immune responses, neural development, and cell signaling.