Final answer:
Eukaryotic DNA associated with proteins forms chromatin, which comes in two types: euchromatin, associated with active gene transcription, and heterochromatin, associated with inactive DNA regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Since eukaryotic DNA is associated with proteins, this is known as chromatin. The two basic types of chromatin are euchromatin and heterochromatin. Euchromatin is more dispersed, less condensed, and associated with fewer proteins. It usually contains genes that are actively being transcribed into RNA. In contrast, heterochromatin is more tightly packed and is associated with areas of DNA that are not typically transcribed, such as centromeres and telomeres. Understanding the difference between these two forms of chromatin is essential for grasping how genes are regulated within eukaryotic cells.