Final answer:
Alternative RNA splicing is a process that allows a single pre-mRNA to be processed into various mRNA molecules, leading to the production of different polypeptides from a single gene, which demonstrates the cell's efficient use of genetic information and contributes significantly to protein diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon where a single pre-mRNA can be processed to yield different mRNA molecules, which in turn can lead to the production of different polypeptides from a single gene, is known as alternative RNA splicing. This process enables a single gene to code for multiple proteins, which is an efficient way for cells to use their genetic information. Alternative splicing can be controlled by the cell and is a significant mechanism of gene regulation. It allows for the diversity of proteins by combining exons in different ways during mRNA processing, which ultimately results in the synthesis of different proteins from one gene, contributing to the complexity of eukaryotic organisms.