Final answer:
Eukaryotic genes typically contain coding regions called exons, which remain in the mature mRNA after non-coding introns are spliced out during RNA processing. The regulation of transcription involves enhancers, repressors, and transcription factors that interact with promoters.
Step-by-step explanation:
Eukaryotic genes typically have regions of DNA that are transcribed and appear in the mature RNA called exons. These coding sequences in RNA directly contribute to the synthesis of proteins. Transcription in eukaryotic cells involves complex processes where RNA polymerase enzymes synthesize RNA from DNA. During this process, RNA is transcribed in a 5' to 3' direction, and introns, the non-coding regions, are removed through a process known as splicing. The remaining exons join together to form a continuous coding sequence. It's important to understand the distinction between the coding regions, the exons, which remain in the mature mRNA, and introns, which do not encode functional proteins and are removed during RNA processing.
Furthermore, eukaryotic transcription is regulated by enhancers, transcriptional repressors, and various transcription factors that interact with promoter sequences to facilitate or inhibit the transcription process. After transcription, RNA processing converts the precursor transcript into mature, functional RNA. This includes splicing, addition of a 5' cap, and polyadenylation at the 3' end. These processes are crucial for the accurate expression of eukaryotic genes and subsequent protein translation.