Final answer:
Clathrin-coated vesicles are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis, while COP-I & II vesicles are involved in protein transport between the ER and Golgi apparatus.
Step-by-step explanation:
Clathrin-coated vesicles and COP-I & II vesicles are involved in different processes within the endomembrane system. Clathrin-coated vesicles are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis, which allows substances to enter the cell by invaginating coated pits. On the other hand, COP-I & II vesicles are involved in the transport of proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus.
In receptor-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicles form when receptors cluster to form a coated pit. The coated pit then invaginates and pinches off, forming a coated vesicle. These vesicles lose their clathrin coat after internalization, fuse with early endosomes, and eventually form lysosomes for digestion.
On the other hand, COP-I & II vesicles are involved in protein transport. COP-II-coated vesicles bud off from the ER and transport proteins to the Golgi apparatus. COP-I-coated vesicles transport proteins from the Golgi apparatus back to the ER.