Final answer:
Specific SNPs, such as rs4988235 and rs182549, are associated with lactase persistence in European and North American populations. These SNPs enable individuals to produce the enzyme lactase, which allows them to digest lactose.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lactase persistence in European and North American people is associated with specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their genes. One of the most well-known SNPs associated with lactase persistence is called rs4988235, which is located in the lactase gene (LCT). This SNP is found at a high frequency in populations with a history of dairy farming, such as European and North American populations. Another SNP, called rs182549, has also been found to be associated with lactase persistence in European populations. These SNPs enable individuals to produce the enzyme lactase, which allows them to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products.