Final answer:
AMH deficiency in males can lead to underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics and atrophy of sexual organs, while in females, high AMH levels are associated with PCOS, particularly impacting membrane potentials of GnRH expressing neurons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical condition associated with AMH deficiency (anti-müllerian hormone) is often connected with reproductive and fertility issues. In males, lack of male hormones due to primary (testis defective) or secondary (pituitary defect) causes can result in conditions such as failure to develop secondary sex characteristics, lack of masculinization, and atrophy of sex organs in later life. In females, high concentrations of AMH and elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) have been found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common reproductive disorder. Research conducted by Cimino et al. published in Nature Communications demonstrates how very small concentrations of AMH can initiate oscillations in membrane potentials of GnRH expressing neurons, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of PCOS.