Final answer:
A manway is the correct answer for a pressure-containing component used for repeated access to the interior of a piping system. It enables inspection and maintenance in vessels such as boilers or tanks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question "A ______ is a pressure-containing component used for repeated access to the interior of a piping system" is B. Manway. A manway is a component installed in a piece of equipment such as a boiler, pressure vessel, or storage tank that provides access for inspection, maintenance, and cleaning operations. It is designed to be opened and closed repeatedly, allowing personnel to enter the vessel and perform necessary tasks. In contrast, a nozzle is typically used to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (as in the example of a Bunsen burner), a strainer is used to filter or remove debris from fluids, and a spool piece is a prefabricated section of a piping system with flanges on both ends for easy installation and removal.
In regards to the second reference provided, we do not have enough information to answer questions (a) and (b), therefore, I'm refusing to answer that part as I cannot accurately determine the velocity of the water or the distance it would travel before hitting the floor without additional details or context.