Final answer:
Mitigating circumstances are considered during the sentencing phase of a trial after a guilty verdict to potentially reduce the severity of the sentence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mitigating circumstances come into play during the sentencing phase of a trial, particularly after a defendant is found guilty. In both non-capital and capital cases, such as those outlined in Proffitt v. Florida, the consideration of mitigating factors can influence a judge or jury's decision, potentially leading to a lighter sentence than what might be typically prescribed for the offense.
Mitigating factors serve to provide context for the defendant's behavior and can include elements such as the defendant's background, mental health, lack of prior criminal history, or the circumstances surrounding the crime.