Final answer:
The primary dietary treatment for preventing uric acid kidney stones is adhering to a low-purine diet, which reduces uric acid levels in the blood and urine. Adequate hydration and calcium intake are also important. Medications can be used to increase the excretion of uric acid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary diet treatment for uric acid nephrolithiasis, which is a condition where kidney stones form from uric acid, is a low-purine diet. Uric acid stones are more likely to form when there are high levels of uric acid in the blood, a condition that can be associated with diseases like gout. To reduce the risk of kidney stones, it is recommended to consume a diet that limits foods high in purines, such as certain meats, seafood, and also to avoid certain drinks like tea, coffee, and chocolate that contain xanthine compounds.
For preventing the formation of uric acid stones, a low-purine diet is essential because purines can be broken down into uric acid, thus increasing the levels in the blood and urine. Additionally, maintaining adequate hydration and an appropriate intake of calcium, as calcium can help to bind oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract, is crucial in lowering the risk of stone formation. Medications such as uricosuric drugs may also be prescribed to help in increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine.