Question

Name the 3 hematologic side effects of chemotherapy.

Answer 1

The three hematologic side effects of chemotherapy are leukopenia (a decrease in white blood cell count), anemia (a reduction in red blood cells), and thrombocytopenia (a reduction in platelets). Monitoring of blood cell levels, such as the absolute neutrophil count, helps guide treatment decisions.

Step-by-step explanation:

Chemotherapy can have several hematologic side effects due to its mechanism of action, which targets rapidly dividing cells, including those in the bone marrow. The three primary hematologic side effects include:

1. Leukopenia - a decrease in white blood cell count which leaves patients susceptible to infections.
2. Anemia - a reduction in red blood cell count, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
3. Thrombocytopenia - a decrease in platelets leading to bruising easily, bleeding gums, and an increased risk of bleeding.

For example, a patient undergoing chemotherapy may have a blood test such as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to monitor their neutrophil levels. A neutrophil level of 1900 cells per microliter would typically still allow for the continuation of chemotherapy, as it suggests a sufficient ability to fight infection despite the treatment's suppressive effects on the immune system.