Question

What are two common mechanisms that mutations may cause that will result in carcinogenesis?

Answer 1

Mutations can cause the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, both of which contribute to carcinogenesis.

Step-by-step explanation:

Two common mechanisms that mutations may cause resulting in carcinogenesis are:

1. Activation of oncogenes: Mutations can cause certain genes called oncogenes to be turned on or activated. These genes normally control cell growth and division, but when activated, they can promote uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth, leading to cancer. An example of an oncogene is the HER2 gene, which is involved in breast cancer.
2. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes: Mutations can also lead to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. These genes normally help regulate cell growth and prevent the formation of tumors. When they are inactivated, they lose their ability to control cell growth, allowing cancer to develop. One well-known tumor suppressor gene is p53, which plays a crucial role in preventing the formation of cancerous cells.