Final answer:
The possibility of transferring human genes into a mouse reflects the universal structure of DNA, which is a double helix consisting of four basic nucleotides shared across all life forms, facilitating genetic engineering and expression of specific genes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to inject human genes into a mouse suggests a fundamental similarity in the structure of DNA across different species. This is possible because the DNA in all organisms is composed of the same four nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) and operates according to the same genetic code. This universality allows for the transfer of genetic material between species, a key principle in the field of genetic engineering.
In the context of genetic engineering, genes from one organism can be inserted into the genome of another organism using a vector. This process is feasible because the basic structure of DNA is the same in all organisms. DNA's structure, a double helix consisting of two intertwined strands, allows for the precise pairing of nucleotide bases across different species, enabling the expression of specific genes.
Furthermore, the commonality between genomes of different species, such as humans, macaques, and mice, can be investigated using genome map viewers, which allow scientists to compare DNA sequences and determine whether there are shared genetic elements. Comparative genomics not only reveals evolutionary relationships but also supports the genetic manipulation techniques such as transferring human genetic sequences into mice.
The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA codes for RNA, which in turn codes for proteins. This concept is crucial to understanding how genetic information is expressed and gives insight into the cellular differentiation despite the universal presence of the same genetic material in all cells of a single organism.