Final answer:
Maneuvering around the side of an army is known as a flanking maneuver, a common military tactic for gaining a strategic advantage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Maneuvering around the side of an army, rather than attacking directly from the front, is called a flanking maneuver. This tactic is intended to surprise the enemy by attacking their sides or rear where they may be less defended, often leading to a tactical advantage. Both in historical battles and modern warfare, occupying high ground has been considered beneficial, providing a commanding view and defensive superiority. For example, in the U.S. military Plan D, the goal was to take Tokyo, rather than just holding defensive positions. These strategies are crucial parts of military doctrine, teaching how to utilize terrain and surprise to effectively overcome adversaries.