Final answer:
Individuals in permanent comas or persistent vegetative states may have an advance directive and do not have normal cognitive function.
Step-by-step explanation:
In permanent comas or persistent vegetative states, individuals do not fully recover with time. These conditions are characterized by severe and permanent brain damage, resulting in the loss of cognitive function and the inability to move, talk, or respond. Therefore, option a) is incorrect. Individuals in permanent comas or persistent vegetative states are not candidates for aggressive treatment as there is no chance for improvement. Instead, their care focuses on providing comfort and maintaining bodily functions. Therefore, option b) is incorrect. It is possible for individuals in permanent comas or persistent vegetative states to have an advance directive. An advance directive is a legal document that allows individuals to express their healthcare wishes in advance, including whether they would want aggressive treatment or prefer to have life-sustaining measures withheld. Therefore, option c) is correct. Individuals in permanent comas or persistent vegetative states do not have normal cognitive function. These conditions result in severe brain damage and the loss of cognitive abilities. Therefore, option d) is incorrect.