Final answer:
The fracture described is known as a Hangman's fracture. It occurs at the C2 vertebra, also known as the axis, which interacts with the C1 vertebra, the atlas. This injury impacts the regions responsible for head rotation.
Step-by-step explanation:
A fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet usually associated with anterior subluxation of C2 and C3 is known as a Hangman's fracture. The second cervical vertebra (C2), also known as the axis, serves as the pivotal point for head rotation. The axis is distinguished by the dens or odontoid process, which extends upward from the vertebral body and joins with the internal aspect of the anterior arch of C1, the atlas. The atlas, in turn, is a ring-shaped vertebra that supports the skull, lacking a body or a spinous process, but possessing a distinct anterior arch and posterior arch. A Hangman's fracture involves this critical region where the neck bones interact and enable head movements. This type of fracture is named because it is similar to injuries seen in judicial hangings.