Final answer:
b. HIPAA
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is the legislation that ensures patient information confidentiality, balancing privacy rights and ethical concerns in healthcare.
Step-by-step explanation:
The legislation that guarantees confidentiality of all patient information is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Passed into law in 1996, HIPAA sets standards for the protection of patient information and requires entities like insurance companies and healthcare providers to maintain strict confidentiality of health records. In scenarios involving ethical decisions between a patient's privacy rights and the health of others, HIPAA mandates ensure that individuals' health information is protected from unauthorized disclosure without their consent.