Final answer:
Surveillance in the context of public health refers to the active monitoring and tracking of diseases to control their spread in the community. It is a key element in the field of epidemiology, alongside other disease prevention methods such as vaccinations and public health measures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Surveillance is the active monitoring and tracking of diseases within a community to control infectious diseases. It includes observing and reporting the incidence of new cases, which helps in understanding and mapping the spread of infections. Efficient surveillance is a cornerstone in the field of epidemiology, which focuses on the geographical distribution and dynamics of health and disease conditions in populations.
Vaccinations serve as the primary method for controlling viral diseases by building immunity against a virus or virus family. Therefore, vaccinations are essential in preventing disease outbreaks. In addition to immunizations, public health measures like hand washing, public health education, and maintaining personal and environmental hygiene play a crucial role in disease prevention.
Some diseases, like tuberculosis and diphtheria, can re-emerge in populations, particularly in areas with immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, continuous monitoring and infectious disease management through surveillance and vaccination are vital in the ongoing war against these diseases.