The timeline of Roman history includes the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC, the Punic Wars (264–146 BC), the rise of Augustus in 27 BC, the Tetrarchy in AD 286, the Sack of Rome in AD 410, and the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476.
509 BC: The establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC marked the beginning of a new political system in ancient Rome, removing the last Roman king.
264–146 BC: The Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage took place during this period, with the final conflict, the Third Punic War, ending in 146 BC with the destruction of Carthage.
27 BC: Octavian, later known as Augustus, became the first Roman Emperor, marking the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.
AD 286: The Tetrarchy, a system of rule with four emperors, was established by Roman Emperor Diocletian to improve governance and stability.
AD 410: The Sack of Rome by the Visigoths, led by Alaric, occurred in 410 AD, highlighting the declining power of the Western Roman Empire.
AD 476: Traditionally considered the fall of the Western Roman Empire, this year marks the deposition of the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, by the Germanic chieftain Odoacer.
These events collectively depict the significant transitions and transformations in the history of ancient Rome, from the establishment of the Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.