Final answer:
The heuristic involving a "mapping process" is analogies (d), a cognitive strategy that transfers information from one problem to another, similar situation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The heuristic that involves a "mapping process" is d) analogies. This cognitive strategy includes the transfer of information or insight from a particular problem or domain (the source) to another problem or domain (the target), which is essentially a mapping of knowledge from one problem to another. This helps solve a complex problem by finding a similar situation with a known solution and applying that solution to the current problem.
Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. They are not perfect and can lead to errors, but they are useful for making decisions under uncertainty. In the context of problem solving, heuristics like hill climbing, working backwards, representation switch, and the use of analogies are employed to navigate complex situations.