Final answer:
Written informed consent is essential for research ethics, ensuring participants are fully informed and consent is voluntary. It typically must be documented in writing, except in some exceptions where verbal consent is carefully recorded.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering some facts about written informed consent, it is crucial to acknowledge that it is a fundamental part of research ethics and is not optional for research participation. This process ensures that participants are fully informed about the nature of the study, including any potential risks and benefits, before they agree to participate. Central to informed consent is the premise that participation in research is voluntary and participants have the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. In the context of minors, consent must be obtained from parents or legal guardians. Informed consent implies a written process, although there are exceptional cases where verbal consent may be appropriate, but usually additional steps must be taken to document such consent. Ultimately, informed consent is designed to protect participant autonomy and ensure ethical research practices.