Final answer:
Impact trauma refers to injuries caused by landing on a solid, flat surface where force is transferred directly to the body. Soft surfaces reduce injury severity by increasing impact duration and spreading out force, unlike the immediate force transfer on solid surfaces.
Step-by-step explanation:
An injury from landing on a solid, flat surface is typically referred to as Impact trauma (Option A). This type of hazard is significant because the force involved in the landing is transmitted directly through the body, which can lead to serious injury. In contrast, when you land on a softer surface, the injuries tend to be less severe because a softer surface increases the duration of the impact, which spreads out the force over a longer period of time, thereby reducing its effect (Option A from the additional information).
To elaborate, landing on a solid surface doesn't allow much room for energy absorption, which means the energy from the fall is quickly transferred to your body, potentially causing damage. Bones will fracture if the force exerted on them is too large, which is why a stiff-legged landing on a hard surface can be particularly dangerous. Conversely, techniques such as rolling on the ground after jumping off a height or landing with a parachute aim to extend the duration of the force applied from the ground, diminishing the risk of fracture and reducing the chance of injury.