Final answer:
The statement is true; scale formation, deposition, fouling, and corrosion are indeed increased in hot water closed-loop systems due to higher temperatures exacerbating chemical reactions and solubility changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the effects of scale formation, deposition, fouling, and corrosion are increased in hot water closed-loop systems is true. These issues are more pronounced in hot water environments due to temperature-induced chemical reactions:
- Scale formation, such as boiler scale, occurs primarily because high temperatures can drive the transformation of soluble calcium bicarbonate into insoluble calcium carbonate, thus leading to the build-up of hard deposits.
- Deposition and fouling are exacerbated by higher temperatures because they can increase the solubility of certain constituents, leading to greater levels of precipitation when the water cools, or by enhancing the rate of chemical reactions leading to insoluble compounds.
- Corrosion rates generally increase with temperature due to faster electrochemical reactions on the surfaces of pipes and equipment.
Overall, these phenomena can lead to a decrease in system efficiency and the need for more frequent maintenance, and they can contribute to the failure of components in hot water heating systems over time.