Final answer:
Boats over 9m up to 12m must be equipped with a compass, GPS, and sonar, which serve as navigational aids for determining direction, location, and water depth, ensuring safe and efficient travel.
Step-by-step explanation:
The equipment required for boats over 9 meters up to 12 meters includes basic navigation tools essential for safe and efficient maritime travel. Compass, GPS (Global Positioning System), and Sonar (Sound Navigation And Ranging) are common navigational aids that facilitate a ship's journey, ensuring proper positional awareness and environmental assessment.
A compass is vital for determining direction. GPS, with its pinpoint accuracy due to a network of satellites, greatly facilitates position finding, replacing more primitive methods such as using chronometers and sun positioning. Sonar, being effective for detecting large underwater objects, helps in determining water depth and hazards by using sound waves to map the oceanic floor.
While exam answers might vary, knowing these equipment capabilities is crucial for maritime operations, effective navigation, and the safety of those aboard the vessel.