Final answer:
The term for the described yellowish-brown subconjunctival elevation next to the cornea is pinguecula, which is different from other eye conditions such as conjunctivitis, astigmatism, and AMD.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a yellowish-brown subconjunctival elevation composed of degenerated elastic tissue that may occur on either side of the cornea is pinguecula. This condition is not to be confused with conjunctivitis which is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, astigmatism a vision defect caused by irregularities in the shape of the cornea or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) a common cause of blindness occurring due to the death of cells in the macula.
Pingueculae are most commonly found in individuals who have had significant exposure to ultraviolet light or those individuals who have experienced a lot of irritation from wind or dust.